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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brēþaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brēþaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986b" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/WASYKR6G">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Grammar of Proto-Germanic</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>University of Texas Press</publisher>
              <date>1986b</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bhurati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>भुरति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bhuráti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to palpitate, quiver, stir</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brethaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brēþaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbrɛː.θɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᚦᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>rushed; in a hurry</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>quick; nimble</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An adjectival formation from *brējaną (‘to roast, smell’). From pre-Germanic *bʰreh₁-tó-s, an adjectival derivative from Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreh₁-, an extended form of *bʰer- / *bʰrewH- (‘to boil, brew’) <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986b" n="s.v. breen">Lehmann 1986b: s.v. breen</bibl>. Related to Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bhurati"><ref target="#cog_san_bhurati">भुरति</ref></mentioned> (bhurati, ‘to palpitate, quiver, stir’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>brēþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>brēþammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>brēþōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>brēþammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bráðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>brad</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bráður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bráður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>brå</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bráðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>brath, broth, braith</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>brath</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>braith</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bráðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>brāþer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bråd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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