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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brūkiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brūkiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_frugi" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>frūgī</orth>
          <def>frugal, worthy, honest, useful</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brukiz_x2" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brūkiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brūkiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbruː.kiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᚢᚲᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>useful, useable</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An adjectival derivative of *brūkaną (‘to make use of’), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-i-s from root *bʰruHg- (‘to make use of’). Compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_frugi"><ref target="#cog_lat_frugi">frūgī</ref></mentioned> (‘frugal, worthy, honest, useful’), from frūx (‘produce, crop, fruit’) from the same root.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijas, brūkīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijas, brūkīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>brūkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>brūkijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>brūkijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>brūkijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brūkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>brūhhi</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brūkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>brȳċe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bryche, briche</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐍃 (brūks)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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