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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *budilaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_budilaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_budilaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/budilaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>budilaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbu.ði.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚢᛞᛁᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>one who carries out an order; beadle; bailiff</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>messenger; herald</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *budą (‘offer, message’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ilaz</mentioned> (forms agent and instrument nouns).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>budilaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>budilōz, budilōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>budilą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>budilanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>budilas, budilis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>budilǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>budilai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>budilamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>budilō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>budilamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>budil</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>budilōz, budilōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>bedellus, bidellus, pedellus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Pedell</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>pedel, bedel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>bedellus, bidellus, pedellus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bedel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bedel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*budil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bodel, beudel, buel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beul</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>beul</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bydel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>budel, beodel, bidel, bedel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>beadle</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bedel, beddel, beddal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bodel, *bedel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>boal, beul</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>butil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bütel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Büttel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>budil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bodel, bödel, böddel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>bøddel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*budil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>budil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bodel, bödel, böddel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>böfvel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>bödel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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