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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *burþiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_burþiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bhrti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>भृति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bhṛti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>bearing</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_burthiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burþiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>burþiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbur.θiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚢᚱᚦᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bearing, carrying</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pregnancy</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>birth</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *bʰr̥-tis from Proto-Indo-European *bʰér-tis ~ *bʰr̥-téys, an abstract nominalization from root *bʰer- (‘to bear, carry’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bhrti"><ref target="#cog_san_bhrti">भृति</ref></mentioned> (bhṛti, ‘bearing, carrying, bringing, fetching’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>burþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>burþīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>burþį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>burþīnz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>burdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>burdijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>burdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>burdimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>burdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>burdimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>burþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>burþīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*burþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*burt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>boort, boorte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>boorte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*burþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>byrd, byrþ, berþ, beorþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>birth, byrth, birthe, byrthe,  beard, bærde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>birth</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>birth</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*burþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>berde, berd, berthe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Bäide</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>berte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*burþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>burt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>burt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Burt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*burþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*burd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bord, bōrt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Boort</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*byrðr, burðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>byrd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>burður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>burður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>byrd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>burd</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*byrðr, burðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>byrþ, byrþe, biurdh, børdh, ᛒᛦᚱᚦ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>börda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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