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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bēgāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bēgāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_begana_x2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bēgāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bēgāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛː.ɣɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛖᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to quarrel</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bēgaz (‘difficult, bad’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-āną</mentioned> (forms denominative Weak class 2 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bēgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēgaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēgāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēgaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēgāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēgāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bēgōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēgāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēgāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēgāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēgānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēgaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēgaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēgānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēgānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēgānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēgānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēgadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bēgadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bēgadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēgadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēgadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēgadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bēgāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bēgadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bēgāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bāgēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bāgēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bāgen, pāgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>bägeren, bägern</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>bägen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bagen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bāgēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bāgōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bâgen, bôgen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bága</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bága</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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