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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bēlą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bēlą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="kroonen2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/IZKYL52E">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Indogermanische Forschungen</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="volume">122</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">105–110</biblScope>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bela" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bēlą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bēlą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɛː.lɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛖᛚᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fire</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pyre</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁-tló-m from root bʰeh₁- (‘to foment; warm; bathe’) with an instrument suffix <bibl corresp="#kroonen2017">Kroonen 2017</bibl>, thus ‘an instrument of warming’. This etymology does not suffer the issue of the unexplained lengthened grade of an etymology from *bʰel- (‘? to blaze, burn; to glow, shine, be bright or brightly colored; ? bright flame, fire; shiny white’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bēlą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bēlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bēlą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>bēlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>bēlas, bēlis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bēlǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bēlai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bēlamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>bēlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>bēlamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bēlą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bēlō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bāl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bǣl, bǣlfȳr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bale, balefire</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bale, balefire</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bale, baill</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bál</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bål</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bál</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bál, bálit</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>bål</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bål</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bál</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bāl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bål</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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