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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bīdaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bīdaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_peitho" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πείθω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>peíthō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to convince, persuade; succeed, mislead</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fido" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fīdō</orth>
          <def>to trust, rely upon</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bidana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bīdaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bīdaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbiː.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wait</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to wait for, to await (with genitive)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰ-e/o-, from root *bʰeydʰ- (‘to trust’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_peitho"><ref target="#cog_grc_peitho">πείθω</ref></mentioned> (peíthō, ‘to convince, persuade; succeed, mislead’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fido"><ref target="#cog_lat_fido">fīdō</ref></mentioned> (‘to trust, rely upon’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bīdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bīdaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bīdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bīdizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bīdaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bīdazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bīdaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bīdidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bīdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bīdadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bīdadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bīdaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bīdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bīdaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bīdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bīdaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bīdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bīdamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bīdaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bīdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bīdaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bīdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bīdandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bīdain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bīdandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bīdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bīdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bidį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bidū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bidīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bidudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bidīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bīdandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bidanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bīdaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>bīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>biden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>biden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bide</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>byde, bide</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bīda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bida</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bītan, pītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bīten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>beite</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>beiten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bīdan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bîden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bieden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bíða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bíða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>bide</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bíða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>bie, bissens</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bie, bia, bide, bida</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bíða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bīthæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bíða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bīþa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bida</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (beidan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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