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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bōþō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bōþō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="wodtko2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2NHD8WYN">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Dagmar S.</forename>
              <surname>Wodtko</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Britta</forename>
              <surname>Irslinger</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Carolin</forename>
              <surname>Schneider</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Universitätsverlag Winter</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_botho" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōþō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bōþō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɔː.θɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛟᚦᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>building, hut</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>dwelling</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from the Proto-Indo-European o-grade root *bʰowH- (from the full grade *bʰewH- form of bʰuH- (‘to be, become, grow, appear’), which has been reconstructed on the basis of Italic and Celtic preterite and subjunctive stems, see <bibl corresp="#rix2001">Rix et al. 2001</bibl> and <bibl corresp="#wodtko2008">Wodtko et al. 2008</bibl>) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-téh₂</mentioned> (forms nouns representing a state of being). Related to *bōþlą (‘house, dwelling’), *būaną (‘to dwell, reside’), and *būwijaną (‘to settle, inhabit’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bōþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bōþôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bōþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>bōþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>bōþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bōþǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bōþōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bōþōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>bōþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>bōþōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bōþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bōþôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*buotha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>boede</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>boede, boet, boe, boeie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bōthe, *bōth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bood</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Boue</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bodde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*buoda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>buode</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Bude</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Bude, Buud</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                            <orth>Bude, Buude</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bōtha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bôde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>pood</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Bood, Boo</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old West Norse</lang>
                  <orth>búð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>búð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>búð</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old West Norse</lang>
                  <orth>búð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bu, bud</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bu</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bothe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>buith, buth</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bothe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>booth</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bōð</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bod</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>bod</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bōþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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