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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *būlō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_būlō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhew_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰew-</orth>
          <def>to blow; swell</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bulo_x2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/būlō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>būlō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbuː.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚢᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>boil; sore</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the zero-grade of an uncertain Proto-Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhew_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhew_x2">*bʰew-</ref></mentioned> with a laryngeal extension and nominalizing <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">-l-</mentioned> formation, reconstructed as pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*bʰuH-l-eh₂</mentioned>. A variant <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*būlijō</mentioned> is obvious from certain Old English and Old High German reflexes. Related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_bulo_x3"><ref target="#pgmc_bulo_x3">*būlǭ</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>būlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>būlôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>būlǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>būlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>būlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>būlǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>būlōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>būlōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>būlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>būlōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>būlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>būlôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*būla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>būle, buul</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>buil</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*bīele, bȳl, bȳle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>büle, bile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>boil</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bile, beil</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>beil, bēl, bēle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bûl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*būla, būilla, būlla, būllia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>biule</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Beule</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>būla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>būle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Buul</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bulu, *būlijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>būla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>būle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>bule</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>bule</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>bula</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bóla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bóla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bole</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>bolna</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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