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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dagāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dagāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhegh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰeǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>day</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dagana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dagāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dagāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑ.ɣɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to dawn, to become day</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *dagaz (‘day’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-</mentioned>āną (forms stative - fientive, denominative, and factitive verbs (Weak class 3)). Ultimately from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhegh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhegh">root *dʰeǵʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘day’). </seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dagaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dagāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dagaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dagāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dagāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dagōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dagāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dagāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dagāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dagānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dagānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dagānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dagānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dagānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dagadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dagadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dagadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dagadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dagadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dagadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>dagadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>dagadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>dagadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>dagadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dagadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>dagāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>dagadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>dagāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*dagon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dāgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dagen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>dage</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dagian, dagiġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>dawen, dawe, dawei, dawy, dagen, daȝiȝen, daiȝen, daw, dawyn, dayyn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>daw, dawn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dagian, dagiġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>dawen, dawe, dawei, dawy, dagen, daȝiȝen, daiȝen, daw, dawyn, dayyn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>daw</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>daw</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*dagia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>daagje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tagēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>tagen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*dagon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dagen, dāgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>dagen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>daga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dage</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>daga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>daga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>dage</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>daga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*dagan), 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (dagands)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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