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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dalkaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dalkaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_falx" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>falx</orth>
          <def>sickle, scythe</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_dalgis" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>dalgis</orth>
          <def>scythe</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_nettle" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>dilgėlė</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>‘nettle</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_delg" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>delg</orth>
          <def>spine, needle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_dolga" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*dolga</orth>
          <def>splint</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dalkaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalkaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dalkaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑl.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᛚᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pin, needle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>the tongue of a buckle; clasp</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>knife</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *dʰolg-o-s, possibly from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European root *dʰelg- / *dʰelk- (‘to stick, prick, stab’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_nettle"><ref target="#cog_lit_nettle">dilgėlė</ref></mentioned> (‘nettle), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_falx"><ref target="#cog_lat_falx">falx</ref></mentioned> (‘sickle, scythe’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_delg"><ref target="#cog_sga_delg">delg</ref></mentioned> (‘spine, needle’). Possibly also related to Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_dalgis"><ref target="#cog_lit_dalgis">dalgis</ref></mentioned> (‘scythe’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_dolga"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_dolga">*dolga</ref></mentioned> (‘splint’), Catalan dalla (‘scythe’) and Proto-Germanic *talgijaną (“to carve”), from a proposed origin in PIE *delgʰ- / *dolgʰ- (‘to split, cut, prune’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>dalkaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>dalkōz, dalkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>dalką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>dalkanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>dalkas, dalkis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>dalkǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>dalkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>dalkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>dalkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>dalkamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>dalk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>dalkōz, dalkōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dalk, *dolk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dalc, dolc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>dalk, dalke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>dalk, dawk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dálkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>dolkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dálkur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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