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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dammijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dammijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dammijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dammijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dammijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑm.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᛗᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to dam</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *dammaz (‘dam’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą (forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs).</mentioned></seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dammijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dammijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dammijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dammijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dammijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dammijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dammijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dammijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dammidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dammidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dammidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dammidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>dammidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>dammidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>dammidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>dammidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dammidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>dammijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>dammidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>dammijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*demmen, *dammon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*demmen, dammen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dammen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*demman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>demmen, dammen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>dam</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*demman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>demmen, dammen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Early Scots</lang>
                        <orth>dem, daime</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>dem, daim</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>demma, damma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*temmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>temmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>dämmen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dammijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*demmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>demmen, dammen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>dämmen, dammen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>demma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>demma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>demma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>demme</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>demma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dæmmæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>dæmme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>demma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dæmma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>dämma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*dammjan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurdammjan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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