<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dankwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dankwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dankwaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dankwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dankwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑŋʷ.kʷɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚾᚲᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>dark</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *dʰóngʷ-ó-s, from *dʰengʷ- (‘dark, hazy’), related to Hittite 𒁕 𒀭 𒆪 𒅖  (da-an-ku-iš /dankui-/, ‘dark, black, murky’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>dankwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>dankwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>dankwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>dankwammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>diunk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Föhr-Amrum</lang>
                    <orth>jonk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Sylt</lang>
                    <orth>junk</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*dinkwaz</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Föhr-Amrum</lang>
                    <orth>jonk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Sylt</lang>
                    <orth>junk</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>døkkr, dǫkkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>døkkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dökkur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>døkkr, dǫkkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>dank</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>dank</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>donk, dunk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>døkkr, dǫkkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>dunken</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>døkk, dokk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
