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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *darōþuz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_darōþuz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_darothuz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/darōþuz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>darōþuz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑ.rɔː.θuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚱᛟᚦᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a light spear; javelin; dart</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *darō (‘injury; damage, harm’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ōþuz</mentioned> (forms nouns from weak class 2 verbs). There may have been an unattested weak class 2 verb **darōną ‘to harm, injure’ (denominative from *darō), to which <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ōþuz</mentioned> was then added, given that this suffix generally forms nouns from verbs.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>darōþuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>darōþiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>darōþų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>darōþunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>darōþauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>darōþiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>darōþiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>darōþumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>darōþū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>darōþumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>darōþu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>darōþiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*darōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*daroth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dāert, dart</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>daart</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*darōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>daroþ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tart</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*darōþu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>dardus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>dart, dard</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>dart</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>dart</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>darraðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>darraður</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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