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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *daubaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_daubaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_tuphlos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>τυφλός</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>tŭphlós</orth>
          </form>
          <def>blind, dark, obscure</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_dub" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>dub</orth>
          <def>dark</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_daubaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daubaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>daubaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑu̯.βɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚢᛒᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>stunned</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>deaf</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *dʰowbʰ-ó-s an o-grade form of root *dʰewbʰ- (‘hazy, unclear, dark; deep’). Cognates are Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_tuphlos"><ref target="#cog_grc_tuphlos">τυφλός</ref></mentioned> (tŭphlós, ‘blind, dark, obscure’) and Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_dub"><ref target="#cog_sga_dub">dub</ref></mentioned> (‘dark’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>daubaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>daubaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>daubaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>daubammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>daubōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>daubammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>douf</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>doof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>doof</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dēaf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>def, deef, deaf, dæf, defe, deff, deffe, dyaf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>deaf</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dēaf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>def, deef, deaf, dæf, defe, deff, deffe, dyaf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>deif</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>deef, deif, deaf</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>dāf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>doof</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>toub, toup, doub</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>toup, doup, douf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>taub</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>טויב (toyb)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>toub, toup, doub</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>toup, doup, douf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>dauv, doov, daaf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>daf</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>dōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dōf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>doof</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>dōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dōf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>doof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>doof</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>dôf</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>daufr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>deyvur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>daufur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>dauv</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>daufr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>daf, daffe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>daff</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>daufr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dø̄f</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>døv</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>døv</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>døv</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>daufr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dø̄ver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>döv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (daufs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
