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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *daudijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_daudijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_daudijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daudijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>daudijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑu̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚢᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make dead, kill</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *daudaz (‘dead’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>daudijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>daudijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>daudijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>daudijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>daudijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>daudijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>daudijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>daudijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>daudidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>daudidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>daudidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>daudidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>daudidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>daudidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>daudidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>daudidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>daudidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>daudijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>daudidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>daudijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*dōden, *dōthen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>doeaje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*dōden, *dōthen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>doden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>dood</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dīedan, dȳdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>deden, deaden</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>dēda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*tōten, tōden, dōten, *dōden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tœten, tœden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>tööde, töde</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>töten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*daudijan, *dauþijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*dōdian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dö̂den</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>doyða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>deyða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>døyda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>døthæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>døde</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>døde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dødha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>döda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dauþjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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