<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dawjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dawjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_daviti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>dāvìti</orth>
          <def>to press, plunge; to throttle, suffocate, strangle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dawjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dawjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dawjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚨᚹᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to die</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *dʰow-yé/ó-, a ye-present from an o-grade form of root *dʰew- (‘to die, pass away’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_daviti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_daviti">dāvìti</ref></mentioned> (‘to press, plunge; to throttle, suffocate, strangle’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dawjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dawjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dawjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dawisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dawjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dawi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dawjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dawjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dawiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dawjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dawjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dawjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dawjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dawjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dawjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dawjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dawjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dawjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dawjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dawjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dawiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dawjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dawiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dawjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dawjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dawjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dōwį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dōwt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dōwīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dōwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>dōwū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>dōwīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>dōwudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>dōwīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dōwum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dōwīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dōwud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dōwīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dōwun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dōwīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>dawjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>dawanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>dawjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>deia, deja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*douwen, *dōien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, dôyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>douwen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*dīeġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>deyen, deȝen, dien, deien, digen, degen, deghen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>die, dye</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>de, dee, dey</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>touwen, tewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>touwen, töuwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>tauen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>dōian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>doeien</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>döen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>doyggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>deyja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>døy, døya</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dø̄</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>dø</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>dø</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>doyia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>dåie, dåi, doä</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>deyja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dø̄ia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>dö</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
