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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *derbaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_derbaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_dirbti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>dirbti</orth>
          <def>to work</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_derbana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/derbaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>derbaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈder.βɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᛖᚱᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to work</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to perish</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *dʰerbʰ-e/o-  from root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*(s)dʰerbʰ-</mentioned>(‘to exert (force, work, treatment); become stiff’), probably from *dʰer- (‘to support, hold’) via Sieb’s Law. Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_dirbti"><ref target="#cog_lit_dirbti">dirbti</ref></mentioned> (‘to work’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>derbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>derbaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>derbai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dirbizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>derbaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>derb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>derbazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>derbaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dirbidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>derbai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>derbadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>derbadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>derbaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>derbōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>derbaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>derbadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>derbaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>derbadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>derbamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>derbaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>derbandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>derbaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dirbid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>derbaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dirbid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>derbandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>derbaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>derbandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>derbain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>derbandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>derbandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>derbaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>darb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>durbį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>darft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>durbīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>darb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>durbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>durbū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>durbīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>durbudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>durbīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>durbum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>durbīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>durbud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>durbīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>durbun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>durbīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>derbandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>durbanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>derbaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*derban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>deorfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>derven</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*derban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*fraderban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>*farderban</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>verderben</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>verderben</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fordjarfa</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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