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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *draganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_draganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_trekho" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>τρέχω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>trékhō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to run; run over</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_traho" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>trahō</orth>
          <def>to drag, pull</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dragana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>draganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdrɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᚨᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to draw, to pull, to carry</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrógʰ-e/o-, from an o-grade form of root *dʰregʰ- (‘to pull, draw, drag’). Disputed cognates include Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_trekho"><ref target="#cog_grc_trekho">τρέχω</ref></mentioned> (trékhō, ‘to run; run over’), Old Armenian: դուրգն (durgn, ‘potter's wheel’), Proto-Slavic: *droga (‘rail, shaft (of cart)’), and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_traho"><ref target="#cog_lat_traho">trahō</ref></mentioned> (‘to drag, pull’) (Orel 1998 and 2003; see also Ringe 2014 and Schrijver 1991). Related to *drahtuz (‘pulling, carrying’) and *drōgiz (‘drawing, pulling, able to be drawn’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dragō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dragaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dragai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dragizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dragaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dragazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dragaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dragidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dragai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dragadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dragadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dragaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dragōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dragaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dragadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dragaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dragadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dragamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dragaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dragandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dragaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dragid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dragaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dragid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dragandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dragaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dragandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dragain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dragandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dragandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dragaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drōg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drōgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drōht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drōgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drōg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drōgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>drōgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>drōgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>drōgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>drōgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drōgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drōgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drōgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drōgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drōgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drōgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>dragandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>draganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>draganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dragan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>drāgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dragen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>drage</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dragan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>dragen, draȝen, drawen, drauen, drayen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>draw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>draw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>draga, drega</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drege, dreege</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drage</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tragan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tragen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>trage, traga, traa</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>drong, drång</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>tragen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>טראָגן (trogn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tragan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tragen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>drage, draan, droon</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>droen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dragan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>dragan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dragen, dregen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>dregen, dragen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>draga, dræga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>draga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>draga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>draga, dra, drågå, drøgø</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>draga, dræga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>dragen, draggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>drag</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>dreg</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>draga, dræga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>draghæ, dræghæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>drage, dra</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>drage, dra</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>draga, dræga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dragha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>draga, dra</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (dragan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
