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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *drahtuz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_drahtuz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhrogh_tu_s_dhrgh_tew_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰrógʰ-tu-s ~ *dʰr̥gʰ-téw-s</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_drahtuz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drahtuz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>drahtuz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdrɑx.tuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᚨᚺᛏᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pulling, carrying</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhrogh_tu_s_dhrgh_tew_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhrogh_tu_s_dhrgh_tew_s">*dʰrógʰ-tu-s ~ *dʰr̥gʰ-téw-s</ref></mentioned>, an o-grade form of root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*dʰregʰ-</mentioned>(‘to pull, draw, drag’) with expected change from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-gʰt-</mentioned>&gt; <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ht-</mentioned>via the Proto-Germanic spirant law. Related to *draganą (‘to draw, pull, carry’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>drahtuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>drahtiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>drahtų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>drahtunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>drahtauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>drahtiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>drahtiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>drahtumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>drahtū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>drahtumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>drahtu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>drahtiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*draht, *dræht, *dreaht, *drehti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>draȝt, draght, draught</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>draught, draft</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>draucht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*draht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dracht, drecht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dracht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*draht, *traht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>traht, draht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Tracht</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>Druecht, Truecht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dráttr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>dráttur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dráttur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dráttr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dræt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>dræt, drægt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dráttr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dræt, drækt, drægt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>drätt, dräkt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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