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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *drankijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_drankijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhreng" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰrenǵ-</orth>
          <def>to draw into one's mouth, sip, gulp</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_drankijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drankijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>drankijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdrɑŋ.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᚨᚾᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cause to drink</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to wet, drench</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to water (plants)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *drinkaną (‘to drink’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *dʰronǵ-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhreng"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhreng">root *dʰrenǵ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to draw into one's mouth, sip, gulp’), nasalized variant of *dʰreǵ- (‘to pull, draw, drag’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drankijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drankijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drankijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>drankijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>drankijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drankijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drankijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drankijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drankidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drankidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drankidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drankidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>drankidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>drankidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>drankidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>drankidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drankidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>drankijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>drankidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>drankijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>drenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>drenken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>drenken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>drenċan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>drenchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>drench</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>drenka, drentza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drinzje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>drenka, drentza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Sylt</lang>
                      <orth>dreenk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>trenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>trenken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>tränken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>dränken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>drenkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>drenken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>dränken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drekkja, drenkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>drænke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>drettja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>drekkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>drenke</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drekkja, drenkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>drænkia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>dränka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dragkjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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