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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dreupaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dreupaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dreupana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreupaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dreupaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᛖᚢᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to droop; drip</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Likely a back-formation from the iterative *druppōną (‘to drop, fall; to drip, seep’), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrbʰ-néh₂-, from *dʰrebʰ- (‘to drop, drip’). Compare *drupô (‘a drop’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dreupō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dreupaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>dreupai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>driupizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dreupaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dreup</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dreupazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dreupaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>driupidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dreupai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dreupadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dreupadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>dreupaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dreupōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>dreupaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dreupadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dreupaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>dreupadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dreupamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dreupaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dreupandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>dreupaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>driupid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dreupaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>driupid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dreupandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>dreupaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dreupandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dreupain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dreupandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dreupandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>dreupaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>draup</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drupį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drauft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drupīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>draup</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drupī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>drupū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>drupīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>drupudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>drupīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drupum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drupīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drupud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drupīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drupun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drupīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>dreupandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>drupanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>dreupaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dreupan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>driopan, driepan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>drupen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>druipen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>druip</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dreupan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>drēopan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>drepen, drepe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>dreep</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>dreep</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dreupan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>driāpa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drjupe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drippe, dripje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dreupan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>triofan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>triefen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>triefen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>טריפֿן (trifn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dreupan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>driopan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>drêpen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drjúpa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>drjúpa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>drjupa, drypa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>drypa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*rüüp'ät'äk</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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