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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dreuzagaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dreuzagaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dreuzagaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuzagaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dreuzagaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdreu̯.zɑ.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᛖᚢᛉᚨᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bloody, gory</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>sad</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *dreuzaz (‘liquid; blood, gore’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-gaz</mentioned> (adjectival suffix).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzaganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzaganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>dreuzagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>dreuzagammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*trourig, trūrag, trūreg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>trūrec, trōric</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>truerich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>treurig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>treurig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>drēoreġ, drēorġ, drēoriġ, drīoriġ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>dreorig, drerig, drerg, dreri, druri, drury</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>dreary</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>drear</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>drōrag</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*trourig, trūrag, trūreg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>trūrec, trōric</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>traurig</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                      <orth>טרויעריק (troyerik)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*trourig, trūrag, trūreg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>trūrec, trōric</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>trūrich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>trürig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>truurich</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dreyrigr, dreyrugr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dreyrugur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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