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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *drinkaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_drinkaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_drinkana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drinkaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>drinkaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdriŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᛁᚾᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to drink</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrénǵ-e/o-, from root *dʰrenǵ- (‘to draw into one's mouth, sip, gulp’), a nasalized variant of *dʰreǵ- (‘to pull, draw, drag’). There are no secure cognates outside of Proto-Germanic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drinkaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drinkizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drinkaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drink</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drinkazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drinkaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drinkidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drinkadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drinkadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drinkaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>drinkōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>drinkaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drinkaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>drinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drinkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drinkaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drinkaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drinkandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drinkain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drinkandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>drunkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>dranht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>drunkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>drunkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>drunkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>drunkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>drunkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>drunkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drunkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>drunkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drunkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>drunkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drunkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>drunkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>drinkandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>drunkanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>drinkaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>drincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>drinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>drinke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>drincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>drinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>drinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>drink</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>drincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>drinken, drynken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>drink</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>drink</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>drinka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drinke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>drinke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>trinkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>trinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>trinke</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>trinkn, dringa</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>drenke, dronke, drönke, drinke</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>trinken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>drénken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>טרינקען (trinken)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*drinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>drinkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>drinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Jutish</lang>
                        <orth>drenk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>drinken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drekka, drikka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>drekka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>drekka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>drikke, drikka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drekka, drikka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>drikkæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>drikke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>drikke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>drekka, drikka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>drikka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>dricka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 (drigkan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                  <orth>drincan</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
