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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *druppōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_druppōną_1</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhrebh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰrebʰ-</orth>
          <def>to droop, drip</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_dribti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>dri̇̀bti</orth>
          <def>to drop</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_druppona_1" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/druppōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>druppōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdrup.pɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚱᚢᛈᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to drop, fall</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to drip, seep</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Iterative from earlier paradigm *druppōþi ~ *drubunanþi, from pre-Germanic *dʰr̥bʰ-néh₂-ti ~ *dʰr̥bʰ-n̥h₂-énti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhrebh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhrebh">*dʰrebʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to drop’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_dribti"><ref target="#cog_lit_dribti">dri̇̀bti</ref></mentioned> (‘to drop’). Possibly conflated with a denominative construction *drupô (‘drop of liquid’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ōną</mentioned>(forms denominative Weak class 2 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>druppō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>druppǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>druppōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>druppōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>druppōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>druppōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>druppōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>druppōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>druppōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>druppōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>druppōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>druppōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>druppōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>druppōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>druppōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>druppōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>druppōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*droppōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>droppon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>droppen, *drubben, druppen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>druppen, drubben</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>drup</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*droppōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>droppian, dropian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>droppen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>drop</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*droppōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tropfōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tropfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>tropfen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*droppōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*dropōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>drōpen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*droppa, *drubba</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>droppa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*droppa, *drubba</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>drubba</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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