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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *dukkǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_dukkǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhewgh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰewgʰ-</orth>
          <def>to hit; produce; be strong, have force</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_dug" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*dugь</orth>
          <def>strength, power</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_dukko" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dukkǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>dukkǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈduk.kɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚢᚲᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>power, strength</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>muscle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>mass, lump</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>bundle, stook, wisp, skein</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="5">
            <def>strawman, straw figure, doll</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *dʰugʰ-néh₂-, from the Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhewgh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhewgh">root *dʰewgʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hit; produce; be strong, have force’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_dug"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_dug">*dugь</ref></mentioned> (‘strength, power’), Old Armenian յանդուգն (yandugn, ‘headstrong’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>dukkǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>dukkōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>dukkōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>dukkōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>dukkōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>dukkōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>dukkōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>dukkōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>dukkōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>dukkōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>dukkǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>dukkōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*dokka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>docke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dok</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*docce</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>docga, fingerdocce</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*docce</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*dokke, dok</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>dock</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>dok</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*dokke</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Dokke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>dok</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>tokka, tocka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tocke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Docke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*dokkā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>dokka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>docke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Docke, Dock</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dokka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dokka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>dukke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>docka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dokka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>dukke</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>dukka</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>dúkka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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