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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *duskaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_duskaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fuscus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fuscus</orth>
          <def>swarthy, dusty, dark</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_duskaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duskaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>duskaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdus.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚢᛊᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>dark, dark-colored, dusky</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *dʰús-ko-s, from a zero-grade form of root *dʰwes- (‘to smoke, fume’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fuscus"><ref target="#cog_lat_fuscus">fuscus</ref></mentioned> (‘swarthy, dusty, dark’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>duską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>duską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>duskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>duskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>duskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>duskammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>duskōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>duskammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>dox, dux</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>dosk, dusk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>dusk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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