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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *duttaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_duttaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="orel2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/U6EVGQ9E">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vladimir</forename>
              <surname>Orel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="vercoullie1898" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/622MV24F">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Beknopt Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jozef</forename>
              <surname>Vercoullie</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Victor van Doosselaere</publisher>
              <date>1898</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_dudhita" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>दूधित</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>dū́dhita</orth>
          </form>
          <def>troubled, perplexed, disturbed</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_duttaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duttaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>duttaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdut.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚢᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wisp; tuft of grass or grain</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>bundle; group; clod clump</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Perhaps of onomatopoeic origin <bibl corresp="#vercoullie1898">Vercoullie 1898</bibl>. <bibl corresp="#orel2003">Orel 2003</bibl> derives this from *dʰewh₂- (‘smoke, mist, haze’). Torp, et al. (1909), comparing the reduplicated form from Vedic Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_dudhita"><ref target="#cog_san_dudhita">दूधित</ref></mentioned> (dū́dhita, ‘troubled, perplexed, disturbed’), specifically derives this from a similar reduplicated base, *dʰudʰ-nó-s &gt; Proto-Germanic *duttaz via Kluge’s Law.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>duttaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>duttōz, duttōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>duttą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>duttanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>duttas, duttis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>duttǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>duttai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>duttamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>duttō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>duttamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>dutt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>duttōz, duttōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>dodde, dot</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                  <orth>dutt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Low German</lang>
                    <orth>Dotte, Dott, Dutt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>dott</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>*dott, *dot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>dot</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>dot</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>tutta, tutto</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>tutte, tute</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tutte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dottr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>doddur, dottur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>dott, dutt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dottr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>dott, dodd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>dodd, dode</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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