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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *duttijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_duttijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_duttijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/duttijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>duttijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈdut.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛞᚢᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stop up, to block, to close</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to meddle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *duttaz (‘wisp, tuft of grass or grain; bundle, group; clod clump’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>duttijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>duttijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>duttijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>duttijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>duttijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>duttijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>duttijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>duttijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>duttidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>duttidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>duttidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>duttidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>duttidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>duttidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>duttidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>duttidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>duttidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>duttijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>duttidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>duttijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*duttijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>dyttan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ditten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>dit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>dytta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>dytta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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