<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ebnaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ebnaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_amnas" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अम्नस्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>amnás</orth>
          </form>
          <def>just now</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ebnaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ebnaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈeβ.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛖᛒᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>even, level</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ém-no-s (‘equal, straight; flat, level, even’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_amnas"><ref target="#cog_san_amnas">अम्नस्</ref></mentioned> (amnás, ‘just now’), with the latter having a more typical accent. Whether the root is a derivative of *h₁em- (‘to take, distribute’) is unclear. The development of PIE *-mn-&gt; <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-bn-</mentioned>is phonologically not entirely secure; it may reflect an excrescent labial in the nasal cluster or analogical reshaping. Compare the similar Proto-Germanic *hebn- &lt; *hemn- variation in the “heaven” word-family (*himinaz).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebną, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebną, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ebnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebniniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebniniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebninē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebninē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>ebnammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>ebnōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>ebnammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*evan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>effen, ēven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>effen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>effe, ewe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*evan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ēven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>aeve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>West Proto-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>efn, efen, emn, em</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>even, evene, efen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>even</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>evin</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>even, ivin</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>íeuwen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>effen, even</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>eban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>eben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>ëben</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>eben</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ebn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>evan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>even</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>effen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>effen, even</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>även</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>jafn, jamn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>javnur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>jafn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>jafn, jamn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>jamn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>jamn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>jafn, jamn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>iæmfn, iafn, iæfn, ifn, iofn, iauæn, iæuæn, iæmn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>jævn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>jevn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>jafn, jamn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>iæmpn, iamn, iæmn, iampn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>jämn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
