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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fadēr</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fadēr</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_pater" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πατήρ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>patḗr</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ph2ter" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ph2tḗr</orth>
          <def>father</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_pitr" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>पितृ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pitṛ́</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fader" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fadēr">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fadēr</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑ.ðɛːr</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᛞᛖᚱ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">r-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>father</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ph2ter"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ph2ter">*ph2tḗr</ref></mentioned> (‘father’). Cognates include Old Armenian: հայր (hayr), Scottish Gaelic athair,  Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_pater"><ref target="#cog_grc_pater">πατήρ</ref></mentioned> (patḗr), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_pitr"><ref target="#cog_san_pitr">पितृ</ref></mentioned> (pitṛ́), Latin pater, and Tocharian B pācer, all meaning ‘father’.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>fadēr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fadriz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>faderų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fadrunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fadurz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fadrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fadri</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fadrumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fadrē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fadrumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fader</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fadriz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fadar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vāder, vaer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vajer, vader</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fadar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vāder, vaer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vader, vaeder, vaar, vaâr, vaêr</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vader</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fæder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fader, fadir, fadur, fadyr, father, feder, vader, veder, faðer, fæder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>father</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>faither, fader, faether, faider, father, fither</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>feder, fader</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Foar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fader, faar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fater</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vater</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Vatter, Vater, Fatter</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Vader</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>Voater</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿאָטער (foter)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fater</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vater</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Vater, Vatter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                          <orth>Vatter</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fader</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fadar, fader</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vāder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Vader, Vaar</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                          <orth>Voda</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðir, ᚠᛅᚦᛁᛦ (faþiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>faðir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>faðir</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðir, ᚠᛅᚦᛁᛦ (faþiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>far, fader, fade, fair, fai</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðir, ᚠᛅᚦᛁᛦ (faþiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>faþir, fathær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>fader, far</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>far, fader</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðir, ᚠᛅᚦᛁᛦ (faþiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>faþir, fadher, fadhir, ᚠᛆᚦᛁᚱ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fader, far</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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