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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *faimaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_faimaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_pena" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>пѣна</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pěna</orth>
          </form>
          <def>foam</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_poh3y_m_o_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)poh3y-m-o-s</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_pumex" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>pūmex</orth>
          <def>pumice</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_spuma" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>spūma</orth>
          <def>foam</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_phena" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>फेन</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phéna</orth>
          </form>
          <def>foam</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_faimaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faimaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>faimaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑi̯.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᛁᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>foam</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_poh3y_m_o_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_poh3y_m_o_s">*(s)poh3y-m-o-s</ref></mentioned>, from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*(s)poh3(y)-</mentioned>(‘foam’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_spuma"><ref target="#cog_lat_spuma">spūma</ref></mentioned> (‘foam’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_pumex"><ref target="#cog_lat_pumex">pūmex</ref></mentioned> (‘pumice’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_phena"><ref target="#cog_san_phena">फेन</ref></mentioned> (phéna, ‘foam’), and Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_pena"><ref target="#cog_chu_pena">пѣна</ref></mentioned> (pěna, ‘foam’). <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013">Kroonen 2013</bibl> posits an original *men-stem, *(s)péh3y-mn̥ ~ *(s)ph3i-m̥én-s (based on Matasovic 2004), which accounts for the varying -m/n- reflexes, with the Proto-Germanic -m- a result of dissimilation in the -mn- cluster.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>faimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>faimōz, faimōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>faimą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>faimanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>faimas, faimis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>faimǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>faimai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>faimamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>faimō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>faimamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>faim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>faimōz, faimōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faim</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fām, fǣm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>fám</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faim</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fām, fǣm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fom, fam, fome, foom, foome</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fame, faim, faem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faim</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fām, fǣm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fom, fam, fome, foom, foome</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>foam</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Faroese</lang>
                          <orth>fómur</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faim</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>feim</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>fūm, vūm</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Faum</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faim</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>feim</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>veim</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Feim, Fäum</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Foam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Faam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Feim</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*feimr (poetic)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>feim, feima, feime (all dialectal)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fóma, fómu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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