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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *faką</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_faką</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_page" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πάγη</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>págē</orth>
          </form>
          <def>snare, noose, anything that fixes or fastens</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_pagus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>pāgus</orth>
          <def>district, canton, region</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_poga" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>poga</orth>
          <def>button</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_faka" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faką">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>faką</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑ.kɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚲᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>An enclosed or defined space; division; compartment; department</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>Bounded space of time; period; interval</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *ph2ǵ-ó-m, from a zero-grade form of root *peh2ǵ- (‘to fit, fix, fasten’) <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013">Kroonen 2013</bibl>. Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_page"><ref target="#cog_grc_page">πάγη</ref></mentioned> (págē, ‘snare, noose, anything that fixes or fastens’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_pagus"><ref target="#cog_lat_pagus">pāgus</ref></mentioned> (‘district, canton, region’), and Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_poga"><ref target="#cog_lav_poga">poga</ref></mentioned> (‘button’). Possibly related to *fastuz (‘fixed, firm, secure’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>faką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>faką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fakas, fakis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fakǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fakamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fakamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>faką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fakō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vac</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vak</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vak</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fæc, fec</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fæc, fec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fack</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>faik, feck, fauk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fak, fek</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Fäk</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fek</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vach</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿאַך (fakh)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vach</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Fach</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Fach</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fac, fak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vak</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Fack</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fack</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>fag</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>fag</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fac, fak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vak</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fag</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>fag</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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