<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-falþaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_falþaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_falthaz" type="suffix" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-falþaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>-falþaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ɸɑl.θɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᛚᚦᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>suffix</pos>
            <gram type="suffixType">adj</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1" type="function">
            <def>-fold; suffix denoting multiplication, or consisting of so many parts.</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_falthana"><ref target="#pgmc_falthana">*falþaną</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>-falþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>-falþammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>-falþōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>-falþammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*-fald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>-vout</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>-voud, -voudig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>-feald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>-fald, -fold</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>-fold</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-fald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-fâldich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-fald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-foold</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>-fooldig, -foltig, -fooldich</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>-falt, -faltīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>-valt, -valtec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-falt, -faltig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-falþ, *-fald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>-fald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>-vōlt, -vōld, -valt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>-foolt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>-faldr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>-fold, -foldig</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>-faldur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>-fald, -felt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>-fald, -faldig</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>-𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (-falþs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
