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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fanhaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fanhaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2po" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h2pó</orth>
          <def>; off, away’</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_e_x3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ph2-n</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>é</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fanhana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fanhaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fanhaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑ̃ː.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚾᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to take, to seize</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to capture, to catch</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">There are two prevailing theories for this etymology. One is from Early Proto-Germanic *ph2n(é)ḱ-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_e_x3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_e_x3">*ph2-n</ref></mentioned> (é)-ḱ- ~ *ph2-n̥-ḱ-, a nasal-infix present of root *peh2ḱ- (‘to join, attach; agreement, settlement’) <bibl corresp="#rix2001">Rix et al. 2001</bibl>. This would mean it is related to *fōgijaną (‘to fit or join together’). Another theory is Kroonen’s (2013) univerbation theory of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2po"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2po">*h2pó</ref></mentioned> (‘; off, away’’) + *h2n(e)ḱ- (‘to reach, attain’), yielding Early Proto-Germanic *pon(e)k-e/o- (compare the formation of *fanē (‘from’) from *h2pó). In this case, it would be related to *bringaną (‘to bring’). Related to *fangōną (‘to catch, capture’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fanhō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fanhaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fanhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fanhizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fanhaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fanhazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fanhaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fanhidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fanhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fanhadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fanhadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fanhaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fanhōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fanhaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fanhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fanhaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fanhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fanhamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fanhaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fanhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fanhaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fanhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fanhandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fanhain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fanhandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fefanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fefangį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fefanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fefangīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fefanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fefangī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fefangū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fefangīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fefangudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fefangīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fefangum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fefangīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fefangud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fefangīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fefangun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fefangīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fanhandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fanganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fanhaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vâen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vange</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vâen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vangen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vang</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fon, fangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fange</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fange</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fāhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vāhen, vān</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>faa, faahe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fangen, fahen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>fänken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fāhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vāhen, vān</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>fångan, fånga</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fāhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>fangen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᚠᛅᚦᛁ (faþi), fá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fáa, fá</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fá</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>få</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᚠᛅᚦᛁ (faþi), fá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>få</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᚠᛅᚦᛁ (faþi), fá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>få</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (fahan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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