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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fanją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fanją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_fenos" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*ɸenos</orth>
          <def>water; &gt; Old/Middle Irish en</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_pannean" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>pannean</orth>
          <def>bog</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fanja" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fanją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fanją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑn.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚾᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fen, marsh, swamp</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European or late Northwestern Indo-European *pón-yo-m (‘swamp, wet ground’), an o-grade form of root *pen- (‘water, mud, marsh’). Cognate with Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="prg" target="#cog_prg_pannean"><ref target="#cog_prg_pannean">pannean</ref></mentioned> (‘bog’) and Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_fenos"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_fenos">*ɸenos</ref></mentioned> (‘water; &gt; Old/Middle Irish en’). The broader comparison is best regarded as a Northwestern Indo-European wetland isogloss <bibl corresp="#ref1997">Mallory et al. 1997</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>fanją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fanjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>fanją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fanjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fanjas, fanis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fanjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fanjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fanjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fanjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fanjamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fanją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fanjō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*feni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vēne, venne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>veen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fenn, fen, fænn, fæn, feon, fien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fen, fenne, ven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fene, fenne, fane</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fenn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Foan</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fean</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fenni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>venne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Fenn, Venn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>feni, fenni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>venne, vēn, ven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Fenne</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>fen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌽𐌹 (fani)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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