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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *faraną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_faraną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_piparti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>पिप॑र्ति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>píparti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to bring over or to, bring out of, deliver from, rescue, save, protect, escort, further, promote</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_pariti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*pariti</orth>
          <def>to fly, glide</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_farana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faraną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>faraną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑ.rɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚱᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to go, travel</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *pór-e/o, from an o-grade form of root *per- (‘to go through; to carry forth, fare; to try, dare, risk’). Cognates are Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_pariti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_pariti">*pariti</ref></mentioned> (‘to fly, glide’) and Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_piparti"><ref target="#cog_san_piparti">पिप॑र्ति</ref></mentioned> (píparti, ‘to bring over or to, bring out of, deliver from, rescue, save, protect, escort, further, promote’). Related to a *farą (‘means of passing, ford, ferry’), *fardijōną (‘to journey, travel; to confront, go to battle’), *farjaną (‘to take somewhere, carry, ferry’), *fōrijaną (‘to cause to go; lead; take lead; to move, carry, bring’), *fōriz (‘able to pass, passable’), *farmaz (‘a fare;  load; lading; freight, cargo’), and *fardiz (‘journey, voyage’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>farō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>faraų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>farai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>farizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>faraiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>far</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>farazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>faraizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>faridi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>farai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>faradau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>faradai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>faraidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>farōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>faraiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>faradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>faraidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>faradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>faramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>faraim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>farandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>faraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>farid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>faraid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>farid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>farandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>faraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>farandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>farain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>farandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>farandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>faraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fōr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fōrį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fōrt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fōrīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fōr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fōrī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fōrū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fōrīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fōrudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fōrīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fōrum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fōrīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fōrud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fōrīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fōrun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fōrīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>farandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>faranaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>faraną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>faran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vāren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>varen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vare</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>faran, fearan, fara, færan, færa, feran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>faren, fare, faryn, feren, ffare, varen, faran, farenn, fearen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fare</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fare</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>foare</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>farre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>faran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>varen, varn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>faare, fare</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>foarn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fahren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿאָרן (forn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>faran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>varen, varn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>fahre, foahre</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>fueren</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>faran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vāren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>fahren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fara</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fara</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fara</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fara, faræ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>fare</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>fare</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fara</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
