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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *farhaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_farhaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pork_o_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pórḱ-o-s</orth>
          <def>piglet</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_porcus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>porcus</orth>
          <def>a piglet, a young pig; a pig, hog</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_farhaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/farhaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>farhaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑr.xɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚱᚺᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pig, piglet</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pork_o_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pork_o_s">*pórḱ-o-s</ref></mentioned> (‘piglet’), an o-grade form of root *perḱ- (‘to open, rip up; to dig’), with its original meaning being ‘the digger’. Cognates are Polish prosię (‘piglet’), Manx ark (‘young pig, piglet’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_porcus"><ref target="#cog_lat_porcus">porcus</ref></mentioned> (‘a piglet, a young pig; a pig, hog’), and Lusitanian porcom (‘pig’). Related to *furhs (‘furrow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>farhaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>farhōz, farhōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>farhą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>farhanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>farhas, farhis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>farhǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>farhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>farhamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>farhō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>farhamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>farh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>farhōz, farhōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*far, *fare</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>farkīn, ferkīn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>verkin, varekin, varkin</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>varken, verken</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>vark</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fearh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*farow, *fargh</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>farrow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ferrae, ferry, farry</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*farch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Faarich, Farig</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>farken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>farah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>varch</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>farah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>farhīli, farheli</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>verkel, verhel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                          <orth>Färli</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Ferkel</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Fierkel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>for, *farh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>var, vare, vôr, ferch, verk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*farh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>for, *farh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>*farkīn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>verken, varken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Farken</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*farr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>*far</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fargalter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fargalt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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