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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *faþmaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_faþmaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_petalos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πέταλος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pétalos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>broad, flat</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fathmaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faþmaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>faþmaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɑθ.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚨᚦᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>outstretched arms</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>embrace</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>fathom</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *póth2-mo-s, from an o-grade form of root *peth2- (‘to spread out; fly’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-mo-</mentioned>(forms action/result nouns from verb stems). Cognate with Latin pandō (‘to spread or open (out), extend’) and Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_petalos"><ref target="#cog_grc_petalos">πέταλος</ref></mentioned> (pétalos, ‘broad, flat’). Related to *faþmijaną (‘to fathom, to measure with outstretched arms; to span’) and *faþmōną (‘to fathom, to measure with outstretched arms; to embrace, to hug’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>faþmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>faþmōz, faþmōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>faþmą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>faþmanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>faþmas, faþmis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>faþmǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>faþmai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>faþmamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>faþmō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>faþmamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>faþm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>faþmōz, faþmōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fatham</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vādem, vāem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vaam, vadem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fatham</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vādem, vāem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vadem, vaam</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vadem, vaam</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fæþm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fathome, fadome</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fathom</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>faddom</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fethem, fethm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Fäidem, Fäden</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fiem</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fadam, fadum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vadem, vaden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Faden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fadam, fadum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vadem, vaden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Faddem, Foadem, Fodem, Fadem, Farem</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Fuedem</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*faþm</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fathm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vādem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Faam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>fadem, faem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>favnur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>faðmur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>famn, fabn, fabm</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fafn, fathm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>favn, farm, fadm</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>favn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>faðmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>famn, faghn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>famn, fagn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*fāθmē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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