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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fehtaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fehtaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="matasovic2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/7E4Z23YQ">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Latin presents in -t- and the etymologies of necto ‘to weave, bind’ and flecto ‘to bend, curve’</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Pallas</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="volume">103</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">37–44</biblScope>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_peko" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πέκω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pékō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to comb, card; to shear</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_pekteo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πεκτέω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pektéō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to shear, clip</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fehtana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fehtaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fehtaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸex.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛖᚺᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to comb, detangle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to struggle (with), fight</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to shear</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From a t-extended thematic present, Late Proto-Indo-European *péḱ-t-e/o-, from root *peḱ- (‘to pluck (wool, hair). Cognate with Latin pectō (‘to comb; (figuratively) to give someone a thrashing, thrash’) and possibly Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_pekteo"><ref target="#cog_grc_pekteo">πεκτέω</ref></mentioned> (pektéō, ‘to shear, clip’) <bibl corresp="#rix2001">Rix et al. 2001</bibl>. The simple thematic formation in Lithuanian pešù, pèšti ‘to pluck, pull out’ is parallel to Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_peko"><ref target="#cog_grc_peko">πέκω</ref></mentioned> (pékō, ‘to comb, card; to shear’) (also compare Lithuanian reflexive pèštis ‘to fight, beat each other’ with a similar semantic development as in Proto-Germanic, which likely represents the original formation; <bibl corresp="#matasovic2017">see Matasović 2017</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fehtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fehtaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fehtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fihtizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fehtaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fehtazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fehtaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fihtidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fehtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fehtadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fehtadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fehtaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fehtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fehtaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fehtadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fehtaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fehtadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fehtamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fehtaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fehtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fehtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fihtid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fehtaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fihtid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fehtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fehtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fehtandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fehtain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fehtandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fehtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fehtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>faht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fuhtį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fahst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fuhtīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>faht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fuhtī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fuhtū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fuhtīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fuhtudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fuhtīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fuhtīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fehtandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fuhtanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fehtaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fehtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vechten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vechte</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>vichten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fehtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vechten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vechten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>veg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>feohtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fighten, fehten, feghten, feighten, fihhtenn, fiȝten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fight</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fecht, ficht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fiuchta, fiuhta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fjuchte</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fjochtsje, fjuchte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fehtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vëhten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>fëchte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fehtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vëhten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fechten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fehtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fehtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vechten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fægte</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>fechten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>fekte</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>fächtje</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fäkta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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