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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ferhuz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ferhuz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="ginevra2021" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/Z53TQWCS">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Old Norse -yn (Proto-Germanic -unjō-) and the re-analysis and spread of derivational morphology through semantic association: ON names of ‘Earth’ Fjǫrgyn and Hlóðyn, Celtic place-name Hercynia silua, Vedic theonym Pŕ̥śni- ‘mother of the Maruts’, and PIE root perḱ- ‘colourful, spotted, dark’</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Riccardo</forename>
              <surname>Ginevra</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Frédérique</forename>
              <surname>Biville</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Daniel</forename>
              <surname>Petit</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Dérivation nominale et innovations dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>MOM Éditions</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">61–79</biblScope>
              <date>2021</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_perk_u_s_prk_ew_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pérḱ-u-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-éw-s</orth>
          <def>earth, land; originally perhaps ‘the dark/spotted/colorful one’</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ferhuz_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferhuz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ferhuz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸer.xuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛖᚱᚺᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>body</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>life, being, existence</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>the world</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p"><bibl corresp="#ginevra2021">Ginevra 2021</bibl> derives this from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_perk_u_s_prk_ew_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_perk_u_s_prk_ew_s">*pérḱ-u-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-éw-s</ref></mentioned> (‘earth, land; originally perhaps ‘the dark/spotted/colorful one’’), from *perḱ- (‘colored; speckled’) with ‘life/person’ developing from ‘earthly life, earthly being’. He specifically notes that Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus) in the Gospels means ‘the earthly world’, often in opposition to heaven, and that Old Norse fjǫr and Old English feorh ‘life’ can be understood from ‘earthly life / being on earth’.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>ferhuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>ferhiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>ferhų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>ferhunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>ferhauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>ferhiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>ferhiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>ferhumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>ferhū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>ferhumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>ferhu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>ferhiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ferh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>feorh, feorg, ferh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fere, vore</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ferh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fërah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vërch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ferch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjǫr, fjǫrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fjör</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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