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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *feturaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_feturaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
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        <entry xml:id="pgmc_feturaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/feturaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>feturaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸe.tu.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛖᛏᚢᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fetter</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from pre-Germanic *ped-u-ró-s, a deverbal adjective from root *ped- (‘foot’). Grestenberger et al. (in press) argue that Proto-Germanic iterative r-verbs arose through the reanalysis of adjectival <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*(V)r-</mentioned>morphology as an event-modifying verbal suffix and consider the verbal adjective (such as this) as the source of these iterative r-verbs (in this case, *feturōną (‘to fetter, to chain, to bind together’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>feturaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>feturōz, feturōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>feturą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>feturanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>feturas, feturis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>feturǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>feturai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>feturamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>feturō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>feturamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fetur</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>feturōz, feturōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fetur</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*feter, *fetura</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vēter, vētere</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>veter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fetur</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>feter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>feter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fetter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fetur</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fezzera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>fezzer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Fesser</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjǫturr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fjøtur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fjötur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>fjetre</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fjetre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjǫturr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fiætær, fiatur</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>fjeder, fjæder, fjær</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjǫturr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fiætur</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fjätter</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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