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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *feukaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_feukaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="derksen2015" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/BW5GUN9K">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 13)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rick</forename>
              <surname>Derksen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2015</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_pustula" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>pustula</orth>
          <def>inflamed sore, blister, pustule</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_puga" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>pūgà</orth>
          <def>a sudden gust of wind, a squall</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_pusti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>pū̃sti</orth>
          <def>blow</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_puxati" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*puxàti</orth>
          <def>to blow, swell</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_feukana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/feukaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>feukaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸeu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛖᚢᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to blow</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to be blown away</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An alternative form is *fūkaną. Possibly from *péwg-e/o-, from an extended Proto-Indo-European root *pew- with meaning of ‘to blow, breathe’. Evidence of such a root also comes from Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_pusti"><ref target="#cog_lit_pusti">pū̃sti</ref></mentioned> (‘blow’) and pūslė̃ (‘blister; bladder’) <bibl corresp="#derksen2015">Derksen 2015</bibl>, Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_puxati"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_puxati">*puxàti</ref></mentioned> (‘to blow, swell’), Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, ‘breath from the mouth; air from the bellows; puffiness, haughtiness’) and ոգի (ogi, ‘spirit, soul, ghost’), as well as Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_pustula"><ref target="#cog_lat_pustula">pustula</ref></mentioned> (‘inflamed sore, blister, pustule’). It could also originally be onomatopoeic. A commonly noted cognate, Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_puga"><ref target="#cog_lav_puga">pūgà</ref></mentioned> (‘a sudden gust of wind, a squall’) is likely a loan from (Mīlenbahs 1932) pūgõ (‘to blow’), ultimately from Proto-Uralic *puše- (‘blow’) but could be the source of a substrate in PIE from Finno-Ugric, if not simply onomatopoeic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feukō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feukaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feukai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fiukizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feukaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feuk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feukazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feukaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fiukidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feukai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feukadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feukadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feukaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>feukōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>feukaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>feukadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>feukaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>feukadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feukamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feukaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feukandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feukaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fiukid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feukaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fiukid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feukandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feukaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feukandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feukain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feukandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feukandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feukaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fauk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fukį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fauht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fukīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fauk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fukī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fukū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fukīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fukudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fukīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fukum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fukīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fukud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fukīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fukun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fukīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>feukandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fukanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>feukaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fūkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fuiken</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>German</lang>
                    <orth>fauchen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjúka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fúka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fjúka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fyke, fyka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjúka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fyge</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>fyke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fjúka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fiūka, fȳka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fjuka, fyka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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