<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *finhlō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_finhlō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_pingo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>pingō</orth>
          <def>to decorate, adorn, embellish</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_pimsati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>पिंशति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>piṃśáti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to cut, carve, hew, trim</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_finhlo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/finhlō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>finhlō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸĩx.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛁᚾᚺᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>rasp, file</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *pi-n-ḱ-tléh₂, an instrumental feminine noun (see Kroonen 2017 for similar formations with <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-tléh₂</mentioned>) from the zero-grade nasal-present stem of *peyḱ- (‘to hew, cut out’) <bibl corresp="#rix2001">Rix et al. 2001</bibl>. Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_pimsati"><ref target="#cog_san_pimsati">पिंशति</ref></mentioned> (piṃśáti, ‘to cut, carve, hew, trim’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_pingo"><ref target="#cog_lat_pingo">pingō</ref></mentioned> (‘to decorate, adorn, embellish’) . Related to *finhlōną (‘to polish, file’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>finhlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>finhlôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>finhlǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>finhlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>finhlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>finhlǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>finhlōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>finhlōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>finhlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>finhlōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>finhlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>finhlôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>* fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vijl</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vyl</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>* fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fīil, fīol, fēol, fēl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>file, fyle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>file</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>file, fyle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>* fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*fīle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Fiele</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>file</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>* fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fīhala, fīgila, fīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vīle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Feile</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Feil</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>* fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vîle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>File</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fil</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fį̄halu, *fį̄hlu, *fį̄hulu, *fį̄hilu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>*pĩlà</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*fél, *fíla, þél</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fil</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fíla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þél, þjöl</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>fil</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fǣl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
