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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fiþriją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fiþriją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_pteron" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πτερόν</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pterón</orth>
          </form>
          <def>feather; wing</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_pat_tar_pattar" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>𒁁𒋻</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pát-tar /⁠pattar⁠/</orth>
          </form>
          <def>wing, feather</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_penna" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>penna</orth>
          <def>wing; feather; quill pen</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fithrija" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fiþriją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fiþriją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸi.θri.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛁᚦᚱᛁᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>feathers (collectively); plumage</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>wing</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*péth2r̥</mentioned>-yóm, from Proto-Indo-European r/n-stem <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*péth2r̥ ~ *pth2én-</mentioned>(‘wing, feather’), from root *peth2- (‘to spread out, fly’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)ją</mentioned> (forms neuter collective nouns from other nouns). Cognates are Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_penna"><ref target="#cog_lat_penna">penna</ref></mentioned> (‘wing; feather, pinion; quill pen’), Cornish edhen (‘bird’), перо́ (peró, ‘pen; feather’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_pteron"><ref target="#cog_grc_pteron">πτερόν</ref></mentioned> (pterón, ‘feather, wing’), and Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="hit" target="#cog_hit_pat_tar_pattar"><ref target="#cog_hit_pat_tar_pattar">𒁁𒋻</ref></mentioned> (pát-tar /⁠pattar⁠/, ‘wing, feather’). Related to *feþrō (‘feather’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>fiþriją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fiþrijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>fiþriją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fiþrijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fiþrijas, fiþrīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fiþrijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fiþrijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fiþrijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fiþrijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fiþrijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fiþriją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fiþrijō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fiþrī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fitheri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gevedere</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gevederte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fiþrī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fiþre, fiþere</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fither, fether</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>feathers</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fiþrī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*fidari, fedari</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*fidere, fider, vider</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>gefidere, gevidere, gevider</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Gefieder</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fiðri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fiðri</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fiðri, fiður</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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