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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flagnaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flagnaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_plax" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πλάξ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pláx</orth>
          </form>
          <def>anything flat and broad</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flagnana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flagnaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flagnaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɑɣ.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚨᚷᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to be skinned</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Built on the past plural/participle stem *flag- from *flahaną (‘to skin, flay’) + the Weak class 4 fientive suffix, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-naną,</mentioned> from quasi pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*plag-néh2-ti ~ *plag-n̥h2-énti</mentioned>. Related to Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_plax"><ref target="#cog_grc_plax">πλάξ</ref></mentioned> (pláx, ‘anything flat and broad’). </seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flagnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flagnaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flagnais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flagnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flagnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flagnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flagnaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flagnaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flagnaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flagnaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flagnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flagnaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flagnaþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flagnaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flagnaþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flagnanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flagnain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flagnanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flagnōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>flagnōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>flagnōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flagnōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>flagnandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>-</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>flagnaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flagna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flagna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>flağna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flagna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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