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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flaihaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flaihaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_talka" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>tàlka</orth>
          <def>help; assistance</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_telki" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>telki</orth>
          <def>sacrifice</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flaihana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flaihaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flaihaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɑi̯.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚨᛁᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7a</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to comfort, entreat</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to fondle, caress</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. From earlier *þlaihaną. Speculatively, from *tloyk-e/o- (a thematicized intensive present), from root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*telk-</mentioned>(‘to thrust, strike’) with a semantic change to a lighter touch or caress. In this case, it would be related to Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_talka"><ref target="#cog_lav_talka">tàlka</ref></mentioned> (‘help; assistance’) which is very close to the Proto-Germanic meaning ‘comfort, entreat’. (Adams 1999) links the Balto-Slavic terms to Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_telki"><ref target="#cog_txb_telki">telki</ref></mentioned> (‘sacrifice’) from PIE *tolko. Possibly related to *flaihaz (‘false, insidious’). </seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flaihō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flaihaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flaihai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flaihizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flaihaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flaih</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flaihazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flaihaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flaihidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flaihai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flaihadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flaihadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flaihaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flaihōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flaihaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flaihadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flaihaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flaihadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flaihamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flaihaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flaihandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flaihaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flaihid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flaihaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flaihid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flaihandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flaihaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flaihandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flaihain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flaihandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flaihandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flaihaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feflaih</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feflaihį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feflaiht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feflaihīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feflaih</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feflaihī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>feflaihū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>feflaihīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>feflaihudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>feflaihīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feflaihīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>flaihandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>flaihanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>flaihaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaihan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*flēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vlêen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vleien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaihan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*flā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flaaie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaihan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>flēhan, flēhôn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>flēhen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>flehen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaihan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*flēhan, flēon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vlên</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*þlaihan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (gaþlaihan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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