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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flainaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flainaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="trautmann1910" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/4284YUES">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Reinhold</forename>
              <surname>Trautmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <date>1910</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_plienas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>pliẽnas</orth>
          <def>steel</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_playnis" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>playnis</orth>
          <def>steel</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flainaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flainaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flainaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɑi̯.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hook, prong, spear tip, ord</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. An obvious but speculative Proto-Indo-European etymon would be **ploy(-)n-o-s but there is no well-established root that fits this form. Traditional etymologies connect this term with Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="prg" target="#cog_prg_playnis"><ref target="#cog_prg_playnis">playnis</ref></mentioned> (‘steel’) and Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_plienas"><ref target="#cog_lit_plienas">pliẽnas</ref></mentioned> (‘steel’) <bibl corresp="#trautmann1910">Trautmann 1910</bibl>, however current etymological analysis for those terms is also disputed.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>flainaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>flainōz, flainōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>flainą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>flainanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>flainas, flainis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>flainǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>flainai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>flainamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>flainō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>flainamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>flain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>flainōz, flainōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flain</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flān, flā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flan, flon, floon, fla, flo</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flone, flo</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flane, flain</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fleinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fleinn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>flein</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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