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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flaskǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flaskǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="blazek2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/77KZ4SHT">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Nádoby určené k pití v indoevropském slovníku [Vessels intended for drinking in the Indo-European lexicon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Václav</forename>
              <surname>Blažek</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Linguistica Brunensia</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="volume">62</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">67–76</biblScope>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="pisani1976" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/PWWSCHQV">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Tasche und Flasche</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vittore</forename>
              <surname>Pisani</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Sprachforschung</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="volume">90</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="issue">1/2</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">18–19</biblScope>
              <date>1976</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="vennemann1984" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/4GHYN5YW">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Bemerkung zum frühgermanischen Wortschatz</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Theo</forename>
              <surname>Vennemann</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Hans-Werner</forename>
              <surname>Eroms</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Bernhard</forename>
              <surname>Gajek</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Herbert</forename>
              <surname>Kolb</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Studia linguistica et philologica: Festschrift für Klaus Matzel zum sechzigsten Geburtstag</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Carl Winter</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">105–119</biblScope>
              <date>1984</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_plh1_sk_eh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*plh₁-sk-eh₂</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flasko" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flaskǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flaskǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɑs.kɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚨᛊᚲᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a plaiting-covered vessel</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>bottle, flask</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from earlier *flahtskō, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱt-sk-eh2 from root *pleḱ- (‘to fold, plait, weave’) with the semantics of a plaited container for liquid <bibl corresp="#blazek2014">Blažek 2014</bibl>, but this requires consonant cluster simplification. <bibl corresp="#pisani1976">Pisani 1976</bibl> has a similar idea with root *pleh₁- (‘to fill’), from PIE <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plh1_sk_eh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plh1_sk_eh2">*plh₁-sk-eh₂</ref></mentioned> &gt; pre-Germanic *pləskā. While the semantics of this are much better (‘a thing that is filled’), the phonology is less certain. <bibl corresp="#vennemann1984">Vennemann 1984</bibl> includes this among words of early Proto-Germanic vocabulary suspected of non-Indo-European/substrate origin.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>flaskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>flaskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>flaskōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>flaskōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>flaskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>flaskōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>flaskōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>flaskōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>flaskōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>flaskōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>flaskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>flaskōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Late Latin</lang>
                    <orth>flascō, flasca</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flahskā, *flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*flasca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>flassce, flesce, vlessche, vlesch, vles</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>fles</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>fles</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flahskā, *flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flasce, flaxe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flask, flaske</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flask, flas</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flahskā, *flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*fleske, *flesche</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flesse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flahskā, *flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>flasca, flaska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vlasche, flesche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Fläsche</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Fläsch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿלאַש (flash)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flahskā, *flaskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*flaska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vlasche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Fless</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flaska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fløska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flaska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flaske, flaska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flaska</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flaska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>flaske</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>flaske</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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