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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flaumaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flaumaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_ploos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πλόος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>plóos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>sailing; voyage</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_plew" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*plew-</orth>
          <def>to fly, flow, run</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_plava" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>प्लव</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>plavá</orth>
          </form>
          <def>swimming, floating</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_plewe" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>plewe</orth>
          <def>raft</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flaumaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flaumaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flaumaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɑu̯.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚨᚢᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>stream; current; flow</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>flood</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>eddy</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>din, noise; commotion, tumult</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="5">
            <def>joy, glee, mirth</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *plow-mó-s, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plew"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plew">*plew-</ref></mentioned> (‘to fly, flow, run’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-mó-</mentioned>(forms action/result nouns from verb stems) <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013">Kroonen 2013</bibl>. Cognates are Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_ploos"><ref target="#cog_grc_ploos">πλόος</ref></mentioned> (plóos, ‘sailing; voyage’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_plava"><ref target="#cog_san_plava">प्लव</ref></mentioned> (plavá, ‘swimming, floating’), and Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_plewe"><ref target="#cog_txb_plewe">plewe</ref></mentioned> (‘raft’). Related to *flawją (‘ship, vessel’), *fleutaną (‘to float, stream’). </seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>flaumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>flaumōz, flaumōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>flaumą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>flaumanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>flaumas, flaumis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>flaumǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>flaumai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>flaumamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>flaumō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>flaumamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>flaum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>flaumōz, flaumōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flēam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flem, fleem, fleme, flæm, fleam, vlem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fleam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fleem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*flām, *flēna, fleina</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flāmisk, flāmsk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>*flāmisk</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>vlaemsch, vleemsch</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Dutch</lang>
                            <orth>Vlaams</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                            <orth>Vlemsch, Vloms</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*flām, *flēna, fleina</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flāmisk, flāmsk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>*flāmisk</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                          <orth>vlæmisch</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>German</lang>
                            <orth>flämisch</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*flām, *flēna, fleina</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flāmisk, flāmsk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old English</lang>
                        <orth>flēmisċ</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle English</lang>
                          <orth>flemmish</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>English</lang>
                            <orth>Flemish</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flaum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*floum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>weraltfloum</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flaumr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>floymur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flaumur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>flom</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flaum</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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